How Do Teeth Get Extracted?
Tooth extraction is a dental procedure that involves removing a tooth from its socket in the bone. In this blog, we are going to cover how the tooth is actually able to be removed from its socket.
Tooth Anatomy and Socket Structure
Periodontal Ligament: This ligament is a group of specialized connective tissue fibres that connect the tooth to the jaw bone. This is where the tooth sits, commonly known as the tooth socket. These fibres play a crucial role in tooth extraction as this is what allows dentists to remove teeth without removing bone in a lot of cases that don’t require surgical intervention.
Jaw Bone: The part of the jawbone that contains the tooth sockets.
Cementum: The outer layer of the tooth that is found below the gum line is called the Cementum. This is different from Enamel which is the outer layer of the tooth that is found above the gum line. The cementum is a calcified layer covering the tooth root, where the periodontal ligament attaches to.
The Extraction Process
Loosening the Tooth:
The dentist uses a set of instrument called elevators to apply pressure around the tooth. This usually has a half moon shaped edge where it is used to stretch and break the periodontal ligament fibres that hold the tooth in place by pushing against the tooth that the dentist want to extract. This area where the elevator is pushing against the tooth is called the Purchase Point.
The force applied by the elevator also causes slight expansion of the alveolar bone, creating more space around the tooth root.
Removing the Tooth:
Once the periodontal ligament fibres are sufficiently loosened, the dentist uses forceps to grasp and remove the tooth.
The dentist may rotate or rock the tooth gently to further detach the ligament fibres and ease the tooth out of its socket.
Surgical Extraction:
In cases where a tooth is not easily accessible (e.g., impacted teeth), a surgical extraction is performed.
The dentist will often make an incision in the gum tissue to expose the tooth and bone. Sometimes, bone tissue around the tooth may need to be removed, or the tooth might need to be sectioned into smaller pieces for easier extraction.
Post-Extraction Healing
Blood Clot Formation: After extraction, a blood clot forms in the socket to protect the bone and nerve endings. It also serves as the foundation for new bone and soft tissue to develop.
Healing Process: The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone will gradually heal and remodel. Proper aftercare, including avoiding actions that could dislodge the blood clot, such as using straws or smoking, is crucial for effective healing.
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Conclusion
Understanding the science behind tooth extraction highlights the importance of the periodontal ligament and the careful techniques dentists use to ensure a smooth and safe procedure. For more detailed information or personalized advice, visit us at Adelaide Dental.